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What makes the city smarter? The Smart Cities Council proposes three core values:
- Livability: Those cities that provide clean, healthy living conditions without pollution and congestion. Make city services instantly available, anytime, anywhere with digital infrastructure.
- Feasibility: Cities that provide a good infrastructure (energy, connectivity, computing, basic services) compete globally to provide high-quality jobs.
- Sustainability: Cities that provide services without affecting the development of future generations.
Based on their list, we have increased the learnability, that is, the fair access to high quality learning opportunities from the birth to the harmonious ecosystem.
What is driving the development of smart cities?
On the demand side, people are entering the city to find work and seek a better quality of life. More than half of the world's population currently lives in cities and is expected to increase to two-thirds by the middle of this century. Rapid urbanization has led to major problems such as pollution, traffic congestion and crime. All of this puts a need for smart city solutions.
On the supply side, cheap equipment and broadband connect more than half of the world's population. Sensors and cameras allow us to share data with billions of devices, the so-called Internet of Things.
Connected communities and cheap storage paved the way for a platform revolution—we work, learn, and play on the platform, and as time goes by, the platform becomes bigger and better.
Big data and cheap computing have also led to explosive growth in artificial intelligence (AI), and software that understands "learning" in software applications is supporting all aspects of our lives. With empowerment tools like robots, drones and self-driving cars, you have a world of tools.
“Artificial intelligence is one of the most important issues affecting society,†said senior venture capitalist Ted Dintersmith.
Artificial intelligence applications are now commonly used in medical (diagnosing diseases and improving public health), transportation (traffic control), public safety (face recognition), manufacturing (process control), and online retailing.
Will increasing investment be rewarded?
Investing and coordinating educational opportunities is the starting point for smart cities, and regions that contribute to the innovation economy will succeed.
Investment sustainability and pollution reduction policies have already brought returns to Chinese cities.
In terms of infrastructure, focus and partnership are key to getting a return on investment. Depending on the local assets, each region should choose some key areas, such as medical, logistics or advanced manufacturing.
Who made progress?
AT Kearney's 2018 Global City Report recently evaluated business activities, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. Although the list is in the top of the cities you expect - New York, San Francisco, London, Paris, Singapore - there are also six cities in China. Their progress stems from “initiatives focused on business, government and cultural activities, providing a variety of measures to improve the quality of life of residents, increasing operational convenience, attracting more investment and the attention of many companies around the world.â€
So what about privacy? What are the challenges?
We see that the fast-growing cities face 10 serious problems:
1. Unemployed. We may now be close to "full employment," but it doesn't feel like this. Brian Arthur, a professor at the Santa Fe Institute, said: "As the digitalization process replaces workers, workers who gradually lose their economic opportunities will feel that everything is falling apart, creating anger against immigrants, inequality and arrogant elites." Things will become getting worse. Automation will gradually narrow the middle of the job market, although it will create new jobs, but it is more difficult to predict than unemployment.
2. Income inequality. If you think that people are facing income inequality last year, then wait and see. Developing robots and investing in robots, people with these robots are winning in the automation economy. Further increases in income inequality, coupled with job chaos, all require broader income protection.
3. Privacy. By 2020, there will be 50 billion devices connected, including one billion cameras – all of which carry data to the artificial intelligence platform. Perhaps you have noticed that Facebook's face recognition has improved significantly this year. Shenzhen police in China have begun to use facial recognition technology to identify those who do not follow the traffic rules and cross the road. We are approaching an extremely transparent state, and every time we search, every step, every test, it will be known to merchants, authorities or insurance companies. Want to keep any privacy? This requires some new policies.
4. Algorithm bias. The more data you send, the smarter your artificial intelligence will be. But it also quickly learned our prejudice and the prejudice of society as a whole. For example, the camera may be biased in terms of racial sensitivity, and software used to predict future criminal behavior shows bias against blacks. Artificial intelligence is increasingly used to determine who can get a loan, who will be insured, and who will be hired. Preventing prejudice requires creativity and requires effort.
5, get. The most powerful tools in the world we know have been created, and every day has become smarter. But who can use AI tools? Google has open sourced TensorFlow, and Microsoft also opened up some tools last month, but both require some technical complexity to use. OpenAI is a non-profit artificial intelligence research company founded by Elon Musk and Sam Altman to develop open source AI that is beneficial to humans. All of this is good news, but the people who get the tools and use the tools are an endless challenge.
6, machine ethics. John Giannandrea, head of artificial intelligence at Google Inc., fears that prejudice has been deeply embedded in many machine learning algorithms that robots rely on to make decisions. “The real security issue is that we are sending biased data to these systems, making the algorithm biased. Take the Autopilot (AV) policy as an example. Now that autonomous vehicles are on the road, the authorities are scrambling. Find out if you want to regulate and regulate autonomous vehicles. Do they raise ethical dilemmas (for example, driver death or pedestrian death?) and argue, but we really hope that 10,000 government authorities are studying them. Do you have your own methods and build their own unique legal system?
7. Weaponization. Former US President Barack Obama pushed the drone attack to a climax, which kicked off the modern mechanized war. Following the automatic killer robot, the global AI arms race is inevitable. As the United States and the Global Trade and Climate Treaty drift away, have you seen the new Geneva Convention for Robot Wars?
8. Humanization. How does the machine affect our behavior and interaction? AI robots are getting better and better in building human dialogue and relationships. Coupled with better calibration and gamification, it makes us more addictive to video and mobile games. After opioids, will technology addiction become the next addiction boom? If it is not an addiction crisis, will artificial intelligence create alienation and hatred, and will it threaten human dignity? What is the answer, but also combined with practice and policy.
9, genome editing. The machine is learning to identify tumors and edit the genome. This is good news, but it also raises a series of thorny questions about who can edit genes for what purpose. Who can get accurate medical care among the 8 billion people in the world?
10. Bad AI. Elon Musk believes that artificial intelligence is more worrying than North Korea. His startup, Neuralink, is building a brain interface so that we can be smart enough to keep up with super AI - Nick Bostrom thinks this may be the last invention that humans need to make.
It will take a few years, but the technology continues to accelerate, resulting in very powerful computers, advanced weaponry, space travel, human longevity (for some people), realistic VR, tuning mood and motivation control. . Of course, in many ways it will become very bad, very bad. Musk hopes that we will begin to consider limiting artificial intelligence. Zuckerberg thinks he is alarmist. The two sides should have a dialogue.
According to a new report, smart city technology-related spending is about $80 billion, and by 2021 it could reach $135 billion. These investments will bring more opportunities to make cities more convenient and sustainable. But they have encountered new complex challenges.